Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and Aim: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common and disabling complications of DM. Many studies documented the prevalence of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in diabetic patients but not in the particular group of patients with DPN. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of SCH in DPN patients and to evaluate its association with severity of DPN. Patients and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 consecutive patients with DPN. The clinical manifestations of DPN were documented according to the validated Arabic version of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. Severity of DPN was categorized into mild (6– 8 points), moderate (9– 11 points) or severe (12+ points) according to the Toronto Clinical Scoring System. All patients were submitted to careful history-taking and full clinical and neurological examination. Patients were diagnosed with SCH if they had TSH level above the upper limit of the normal reference range in association with normal free thyroxine (FT4) level. Results: SCH was prevalent in 53 patients (17.7%, 95% CI: 13.5%– 22.5%). Patients with SCH had significantly higher frequency of severe DPN (52.8% versus 28.3%, p =0.003). It was also shown that patients with SCH had significantly higher HbA1c (8.4 ± 1.0 versus 7.3 ± 1.2%, p < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (3.7 ± 0.8 versus 2.7 ± 0.9, p < 0.001) when compared with patients without SCH. Logistic regression analysis identified patients’ age [OR (95% CI): 1.06 (1.03– 1.08), p < 0.001], HbA1c [OR (95% CI): 2.2 (1.7– 2.9), p < 0.001] and SCH [OR (95% CI): 7.7 (3.6– 15.5), p < 0.001] as independent predictors of DPN severity. Conclusion: The present study showed that SCH is highly prevalent in DPN patients and is independently related to its severity. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, subclinical hypothyroidism, thyroid hormones, thyroid dysfunction
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".