F <sub>0</sub> -F <sub>1</sub> coupling and symmetry mismatch in ATP synthase resolved in every F <sub>0</sub> rotation step
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The F 0 F 1 ATP synthase, essential for cellular energy production, is composed of the F 0 and F 1 rotary motors. While both F 0 and F 1 have pseudo-symmetric structures, their symmetries do not match. How the symmetry mismatch is solved remains elusive due to missing intermediate structures of rotational steps. Here, for ATP synthases with 3- and 10-fold symmetries in F 1 and F 0 , respectively, we uncovered the mechanical couplings between F 0 and F 1 at every 36° rotation step via molecular dynamics simulations and comparison of cryo-electron microscopy structures from three species. We found that the frustration is shared by several elements. The F 1 stator partially rotates relative to the F 0 stator via elastic distortion of the b-subunits. The rotor can be distorted. The c-ring rotary angles can be deviated from symmetric ones. Additionally, the F 1 motor may take non-canonical structures relieving stronger frustration. Together, we provide comprehensive understanding to solve the symmetry mismatch.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".