Seasonal and annual variation of Tigris River’s water quality using physicochemical parameters within Baghdad city
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Water quality indices play an indispensable role in the holistic approach of managing water resources; it gives a straightforward interpretation of the vast range of water quality tests’ results. In the present study, the Nemerow pollution index and the Canadian water quality index were applied to analyze the spatial and temporal fluctuation of Tigris River’s water quality within Baghdad city (Nine observing stations were considered for a Six-year study period). Overall, a grade of slightly polluted/Marginal was attained; the seasonal analysis shown a decline in the water quality in winter and spring seasons. Beast water quality index values obtained at the Al-Karkh station in 2015 and were 3.51 (Grade C using Nemerow method) and 73.63 (Grade C using the Canadian method). Both Nemerow and the Canadian indices exhibited comparable results, producing a global trend of Tigris water quality deteriorates as it passes across the city. Among fifteen physicochemical parameters tested in this paper, the main water quality deterioration factors of the Tigris River were recognized to be: turbidity, iron, ammonia, sulfate, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and alkalinity; where they exceeded permissible limits for drinking purpose, especially after Al-Karkh station during the study period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".