Droit de la concurrence: l’Accord économique et commercial global et son contexte (Competition Law: The Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement in Context)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
French Abstract: Le chapitre 17 de l’AECG, portant sur la politique de concurrence, repose largement sur l’Accord Canada-UE concernant l’application de leur droit de la concurrence, datant de 1999. Meme si la politique de la concurrence semble enfouie au milieu de l’AECG, en pratique l’application des droits de la concurrence canadien et surtout europeen a souvent des effets transatlantiques, etant donne la conception maximaliste de la competence extraterritoriale qui prevaut partout en matiere de droit de la concurrence. Les autorites du Canada et de l’UE semblent bien collaborer en matiere de grands cartels mondiaux, mais l’Accord Canada-UE est trop limitatif quant aux echanges d’information. C’est en matiere de controle prealable des fusionnements que l’influence europeenne sur le sort des entreprises canadiennes se fait le plus sentir, et l’affaire Air Canada/Transat pourrait en illustrer les effets nocifs pour les entreprises et les consommateurs canadiens. Ni l’AECG ni l’Accord Canada-UE ne permettent de remedier a ces difficultes, lesquelles releveraient d’un accord multilateral sur la politique de concurrence, qui reste plus hypothetique que jamais. English Abstract: Chapter 17 CETA on competition policy largely rests on the 1999 Canada-EU Agreement on the application of competition law. Even if competition policy might seem buried in the thick of CETA, a look at practice should dispel any illusion as to its centrality. Given the maximalist approach to extraterritorial jurisdiction that prevails everywhere as regards competition law, the implementation of Canadian and – most significantly – EU law produces notable transatlantic effects. While EU and Canadian authorities seem to cooperate in the fight against global hard core cartels, the Canada-EU Agreement is too constraining as regards information exchange. Yet it is in merger control that the influence of EU law on Canadian firms is most clearly felt. The pending Air Canada/Transat merger could provide a perfect example of the potential for EU law to harm Canadian firms and consumers. Neither CETA nor the Canada-EU Agreement offers any remedy for these problems. The answer, if any, would have to come from a multilateral agreement on competition policy, which seems more elusive than ever.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".