Intermittent pain in patients with chronic low back pain is associated with abnormalities in muscles and fascia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between paravertebral muscles and perimuscular connective tissues of the thoracolumbar fascia region and the four types of pain in patients suffering from chronic low back pain. A total of 17 patients with chronic low back pain participated in this study. Ultrasound imaging method was used to measure the thickness and echogenicity of the paravertebral muscles and perimuscular connective tissues. The measurement site considered in this study was located lateral to the midpoint between L2-3 and L4-5 spines. In addition, age, gender, BMI, numerical rating scale and the short-form McGill pain questionnaire 2 (includes questions with respect to continuous pain, intermittent pain, neuropathic pain and affective descriptors) were used for assessment. Statistical analysis was performed using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. A significant association was observed between paravertebral muscle echogenicity at L2-3 and the numerical rating scale (r = 0.499), between paravertebral muscle echogenicity at L4-5 with numerical rating scale (r = 0.538) and intermittent pain (r = 0.594), and between perimuscular connective tissue thickness at L2-3 and numerical rating scale (r = 0.762). We observed that the factor influencing perimuscular connective tissue thickness at L2-3 and L4-5 was intermittent pain (β = 0.513, β = 0.597, respectively). It was also observed that some of the imaging findings were associated with age and BMI. In conclusion, we observed that paravertebral muscle echogenicity and perimuscular connective tissue thickness in patients with chronic low back pain were associated with pain, especially intermittent pain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".