Startle Reduces the TMS-Induced Reaction Time Delay in a Single Limb of a Bimanual Movement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is an effective adjuvant therapy to treat depression.Recently developed double-cone shape coils could stimulate deeper regions in the brain.There is limited evidence about the efficacy of double-cone coil stimulation in patients with treatment resistant depression and comorbid severe anxiety.This study is aimed to provide preliminary evidence of efficacy of Intermitent Theta Burst over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) followed by 1Hz over the right DLPFC on improving symptoms of depression and anxiety in a naturalistic setting.Methods: Over a 2-year period, 38 outpatients (26 male and 12 female) were recruited from "Instituto de Neuroestimulaci on de Lima" diagnosed with treatment resistant depression (baseline PHQ-9 10) and severe anxiety (baseline Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety 20 [HAM-A]).The average of previous failed treatments was 3.92 (SD¼1,74).An average of 22.26 daily sessions were scheduled over a month to deliver Theta burst triplets at 85% of resting motor threshold followed by continuous pulses of 1Hz at 120% resting motor threshold for a combined total of 29 minutes and 46 seconds using a Neuro-MSX device from Neurosoft.Pharmacological treatment used was categorized by therapeutic drug class.The average number of concomitant medications taken during bilateral rTMS treatment was 2.79 (SD¼1,09).Results: 76.3% (n¼29) achieved response by reducing at least 5 points in PHQ-9 scale while 47,3% (n¼18) achieved response to anxiety symptoms (at least 50% reduction HAM-A).Response rate was higher among patients with increased severity at baseline (p¼0.002).Although the study was not powered to find differences in concomitant treatments, patients receiving benzodiazepines (n¼17) showed less decline in depression symptoms (p¼0.048).Conclusion: Sequential bilateral rTMS using a double-cone coil improved depression and severe anxiety symptoms.Benzodiazepines might impair response to treatment and this should be confirmed with sham-controlled studies and larger samples.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".