The Longitudinal Associations Between Endothelial Function and Diabetes Type II and Diabetes Related Outcomes in People with No Major Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Context: Endothelial function plays a very important role in controlling vascular tone, inflammatory responses, immune responses and haemostasis. It has been linked with the progression of diabetes type II in the literature, but it is still not known whether diabetes is a cause or consequence of endothelial dysfunction. Also, there are no systematic reviews available on this topic. Objective: To explore whether endothelial function is associated with type II diabetes and other diabetes related outcomes in apparently healthy participants with no non-communicable diseases using a systematic review. Data sources: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched, from inception to September 2019, for articles published in English and French. Search terms include synonyms of diabetes type II, HbA1c, endothelial function, flow-mediated dilation and finger plethysmography. Study selection: Longitudinal studies and cohort/placebo/control group of interventions studies with non-invasive endothelial function measures—flow mediated dilation (FMD) and reactive hyperemia index (RHI)—at the start of the study and a diagnosis of type II diabetes or any surrogate measure of diabetes at follow-up were included. Data Extraction: Data extraction and quality assessment using Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies were performed by the two reviewers independently. Data synthesis: Qualitative data synthesis was performed. Result: The search yielded 20141 retrieves, 12429 articles were obtained after deduplication, out of which 127 were screened for full text, 16 selected articles were used for data extraction and author’s contact. Four articles were included for final analysis. Three studies reported a non-significant relationship between endothelial function and fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c; whereas one study reported significant results for endothelial function and incidence of diabetes. Conclusion: The available evidence from this review did not show any statistically significant association between endothelial function (measured by FMD and RHI) at baseline and surrogate measures of diabetes type II (fasting blood glucose, HbA1c) but showed limited evidence(with only one article) that endothelial function at baseline is associated with the diagnosis of type II diabetes. More longitudinal studies with healthy participants having primary focus on the association are required to provide more evidence in this domain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".