Acoustic survey of Southern resident killer whale occurrence at the Lime Kiln hydrophone observatory, Haro Strait, Washington
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore temporal and diurnal variation in Southern Resident Killer Whale (SRKW) acoustic activity and their relationship to other marine mammal events and to anthropogenic activity in Haro Strait, Washington. In support of the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority-led ECHO (Enhancing Cetacean Habitat and Observation) Program, six years (2016–2021) of summer/fall acoustic data from the Lime Kiln live hydrophone system (range: 10 Hz–100 kHz) in Haro Strait has been analyzed using PAMGuard software (64-bit Version: 1.15.11; Gillespie et al., 2008). Automated whistle detectors and echolocation click detectors and classifiers were parameterized to detect marine mammals, ships, and echosounders in the dataset. PAMGuard Viewer Mode was then used to review the data and mark all marine mammal and anthropogenic events. The dataset provides important long-term information on marine mammal occurrence and anthropogenic activity in a well described core area of SRKW critical habitat. Daily event logs compiled using custom R script have been used by the ECHO program to better understand the effectiveness of multi-year voluntary commercial vessel slow-downs through Haro Strait and considerable year-to-year and monthly variation in SRKW detections have been identified. Coupled with long-term day-time visual observations of SRKW, the dataset is also useful for assessing the efficacy of PAM detection mitigation methods and night-time activity levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".