All-Analog Structures for AF Relaying in mmWave Massive MIMO Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hybrid analog/digital (A/D) beamforming is preferred in the implementation of relays for mmWave massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems due to the smaller number of radio frequency (RF) chains required compared to fully digital (FD) beamforming. Although the hybrid structure reduces system cost and power consumption, it still requires expensive baseband processing while the unit-modulus constraint in the analog domain limits system performance. In this paper, motivated by these considerations, we propose and investigate the design of all-analog structures for amplify-and-forward (AF) half-duplex relaying in mMIMO systems, which are comprised of the conventional RF components, including: power dividers/combiners, phase-shifters, and delay elements. For the proposed structures, we consider a constrained data rate maximization problem and formulate the AF relay designs. The ensuing solution is not bound to the unit-modulus constraint and does not require RF chains for conversion between analog and baseband domains. Simulation results demonstrate that using the proposed analog structures for AF half-duplex relaying in mMIMO communications can achieve the same performance as the optimal FD relay design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".