Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Synod of Whitby (664) was one of the key events in the history of the Anglo-Saxon Church. It caused the fall of the organised hierarchy of the Irish mission in Northumbria and the departure of its leading bishop, Colman of Lindisfarne, together with some of his clergy. Although the political circumstances of the Synod are now well explained in a series of scholarly works, its ecclesiastical aspects are still far from clear. The starting point for the aurthor's study was the departure of the defeated Bishop Colman with some of the relics of St. Aedan, the founder of the Irish mission, as described by Bede. In order to establish the precise ideological causes of this action, which seems barely appropriate for the customs of the Irish clergy, an attempt is made to elucidate the possible Irish reaction to the Synod. Examination of Irish sources, mainly the Collectio Canonum Hibernensis (1st quarter of the 8th century), shows that, from an Irish point of view, the Synod was held with numerous violations contradicting the Irish canon law. Thus, the removal by Colman of the relics of Aedan (and, as some Irish sources state, probably those of his other predecessor, Bishop Finan) was based on the canons prohibiting to leave holy relics among heretics or malicious people. Some other Irish evidence (Adamnan's Vita Columbae, Vita Geraldi etc.) does indeed agree with this conclusion. So it may be possible to fill the gap in the Irish sources, which generally remain silent about the events of 664. These conclusions also agree with the contemporary view of the Insular Paschal controversy, which sometimes led to bitter conflicts between the clergy, one party accusing another of heresy or schism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.032 | 0.011 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".