Tropical Cyclone Center and Symmetric Structure Estimating From SMAP Data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose a methodology to estimate the tropical cyclone (TC) center location associated with the additional TC parameters of the radius of maximum wind (RMW) and intensity, purely from ocean winds observed by the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) radiometer. This method assumes a symmetric vortex. To demonstrate the method, we analyze 28 SMAP wind fields collected during 11 TCs. Verification of the estimated hurricane centers and wind distributions along the radius is compared with measurements provided by the airborne stepped-frequency microwave radiometer (SFMR) collected during its flying through hurricane cores and to sea surface wind fields derived from spaceborne synthetic aperture radar data. The significance of this simple method is that TC centers, intensities, and RMW can be estimated purely from SMAP wind products, despite SMAP’s low spatial resolution. Comparing these 28 model results to the aircraft measurement (f-deck) and the best track (BT) data, we show that, for the latitudes and longitudes of the TC centers, the standard deviations are 0.28° and 0.29°, respectively, both with a correlation of 1.00. For the detected intensity, the standard deviation is 8.11 m/s, and the correlation is 0.84. We note that the TC intensity detected by this method can be even stronger than the maximum winds observed by the relatively low-resolution SMAP observations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".