Adverse childhood experiences and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation outcomes for depression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: History of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is associated with poorer treatment outcomes in depression; this has been found for psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and their combination. However, how ACEs affect neuromodulation outcomes, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), remains unexplored. Objective: Characterize the prevalence of ACEs in patients receiving rTMS for depression at a tertiary care centre in Canada. Investigate whether ACEs affect depression outcomes in these patients. Methods: The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAMD-17) was collected at baseline and every 2 weeks until the end of treatment at 4-6 weeks. The primary outcome was remission (HAMD-17 of 7 or less). The ACE-10 questionnaire was used to quantify categories of ACEs. Data from the first round of treatment from 94 patients with ACE-10, baseline and end-of-acute treatment HAMD-17 scores were included in analyses. Results: Patients had a median of 2 and mean of 2.9 ACEs (range 0-10, standard deviation 2.7). 78% had at least 1, 63% at least 2, 48% at least 3, and 35% at least 4 ACEs. Remission rates at end-of-acute treatment were not significantly different between low and high ACE groups (2 or fewer vs 3 or more ACEs; 9/49, 18% and 12/45, 27% respectively; chi2 = 0.93, p = 0.34). Logistic regression using ACE-10 or its sub-scales revealed no significant deleterious effects of total score, abuse, neglect, or household dysfunction on remission. Linear mixed models of longitudinal data revealed similar decreases in HAMD-17 from baseline over time that did not significantly differ based on ACE score. Conclusions: Patients with depression receiving rTMS at a tertiary care centre in Toronto, Canada reported on average 3 ACEs. ACE scores were not predictive of poorer antidepressant outcomes from acute treatment with rTMS for depression. Presence of high levels of ACEs should not preclude consideration of rTMS for depression. Keywords: adverse childhood experience, childhood maltreatment, transcranial magnetic stimulation, major depressive disorder
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".