Using Photoactive N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Monolayers to Identify the Influence of Surface Proximity on Photoswitching Activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Self-assembly of photoresponsive molecules is a robust technology for reversibly tuning the chemical and electronic properties of functional materials. In most systems the photoactive group is separated from the surface by a spacer and thus the photo-responsiveness does not benefit from interactions with the metal. Herein, the impact of metal photoactive-group interactions on photoswitchability and surface potential were probed by self-assembly of N-heterocyclic carbene molecules (NHCs) that were functionalized with stilbene group directly on their imidazole ring. Stilbene-NHCs that were adsorbed on weakly interacting Au surface accumulated a vertical orientation, as identified by FTIR measurements. This positioning enabled structural flexibility and high photoisomerization efficiency that induced reversible changes in surface potential. Stilbene-NHCs that were anchored on Pt film accumulated flat-lying adsorption geometry due to strong metal-adsorbate interactions. These interactions limited the structural flexibility of the stilbene groups and induced deteriorated photoswitchability that led to lower photoinduced changes in surface potential. While stronger metal-adsorbate interactions hindered the photo-induced isomerization yield of stilbene, these interactions prompted the cis -to- trans thermal-induced isomerization rate, which was an order of magnitude higher on Pt than on Au.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".