Janet McLellan. Cambodian Refugees in Ontario: Resettlement, Religion, and Identity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Janet McLellan. Cambodian Refugees in Ontario: Resettlement, Religion, and Identity. Toronto, Buffalo and London: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 272 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $55.00 hc. There has been little written about the Indochinese refugees that came to Canada at the end of the 1970s and the early 1980s. Of these, the Cambodians have received the least attention of all and the Vietnamese the most. This imbalance reflects the much greater numbers of Vietnamese who arrived following the end of the Vietnam War, and the greater media attention and public awareness of the Vietnamese situation. The experiences of these two groups have also been completely different. The Vietnamese have, by and large, been very successful immigrants. Their numbers, business acumen and higher educational levels upon arrival gave them the social capital to thrive in Canada. Consequentially, Vietnamese Buddhist institutions, for example, represent one of the strongest Buddhist groups in Canada. By contrast, the Cambodian experience has been difficult. Cambodian Refugees in Ontario: Resettlement, Religion, and Identity makes an important contribution to understanding some of the reasons why the Khmer (Cambodian) community has had a comparatively difficult time integrating into Canadian life. In a short introduction McLellan provides some information on Canada's immigration policies that allowed for the Cambodians to immigrate to Canada, pertinent theoretical topics such as diaspora and transnationalism, social capital and generational differences, and then describes her methodological approach as participant observation and interviews over a twelve-year period. The first two chapters provides the historical context of the devastating Khmer Rouge period so that the reader has a thorough understanding of the demographic profiles of those who arrived (rural and uneducated), and the psychological condition upon their arrival (traumatized). The rest of the book follows with chapters that deal with a variety of topics. While Chapter One describes the events in Cambodia that have made it difficult for the Cambodians to form a cohesive community, Chapter Two and Three look at the issues that have contributed to the Cambodian community's relative lack of success in Canada. Chapter Two looks at their arrival in Canada, resettlement experience and support (or lack thereof) that they received after arrival. Chapter Three deals with the internal divisions in the Cambodian community. These include class, education, employment, and political differences, but also a substantial disjuncture between the Khmer from Cambodia and the Kampuchea Krom, who are ethnic Cambodians who have lived for generations in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".