Ice force measurements on the Pembina River, Alberta, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract : Just before spring breakup in 1972, 23 in situ tests were conducted on the Pembina River, in Alberta, Canada, to measure ice forces. These tests simulated an ice sheet pushing against a bridge pier. The apparatus utilized a hydraulic ram to push a 5 1/2-in. (14.0-cm)-wide vertical pile section horizontally against the ice sheet, which varied from 11.5 to 19.5 in. (29.2 to 49.5 cm) in thickness. The velocity of the pile was varied from 0.07 to 21 in./sec (0.18 to 53.3 cm/sec) by hydraulic flow control valves. Both flat and round piles were used to represent the pier. Some tests began with the piles a few inches away from the ice sheet, whose edge was cut flat. Other tests began with the pile in contact with the ice sheet. For some of the round pile tests, augered holes were used to provide better initial contact. These in situ test results were compared with the ice force measurements made by other workers on a nearby bridge pier during ice breakup. The in situ test ice forces were about 50% higher than the bridge pier test results. This disagreement was caused by a difference between the sizes of the piles and the size of the pier and a three-day warming of the ice before the ice impacted against the pier. (Author)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".