Development of Biological Tools to Study Claudins in the Male Reproductive Tract
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is estimated that between 12 and 15% of couples are infertile. More than half of these are related to problems associated with male reproductive dysfunction. Of those, 40% occur from idiopathic or unexplained causes. While spermatozoa are formed in the testis, testicular spermatozoa are immature and cannot swim or fertilize. These critical functions are acquired as spermatozoa transit through the epididymis in the specific luminal environment created in part by the tight junctions of the blood-epididymis barrier. To understand the normal and pathological conditions attributable to human and animal epididymal function, we have needed to develop biological tools to characterize the physiological, cellular, and molecular functions of tight junctions and claudins (Cldns) in the epididymis. We have shown that by developing epididymal cell lines we have gained valuable insight into the functions of epididymal Cldns, the regulation of the Cldn1 gene and how these can be mistargeted in infertile men. Here we describe some of the techniques that have been used to address these critical aspects of epididymal Cldns.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".