Characterisation of migraine prevalence, heritability and symptom phenotypes in the Norfolk Island population
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Norfolk Island is a small volcanic land mass, roughly eight kilometres long by five kilometres wide. The island is located in the South Pacific Ocean along the Norfolk Ridge approximately 1,500km southeast of Brisbane, Australia. The population is a self governing territory of Australia, settled in 1856 by Pitcairn Islander's descended from a limited number (<20) of English Bounty mutineer and Tahitian founders. To this day, approximately 80% of the permanent adult residents inhabiting Norfolk possess ancestral lineages to the original population founders. This community is characterised by admixture and geographical isolation. Previous epidemiological and genetic studies of cardiovascular risk traits and linkage disequilibrium suggest that the Norfolk population may be of particular use in investigating complex multifactorial disorders, including migraine. To characterise migraine in the Norfolk population, we have employed both International Headache Society (IHS) diagnostic criterion and Latent Class Analysis (LCA), a statistical method that identifies groupings of cases in multivariate categorical data. Research has particularly focussed on 377 related individuals who are informative for linkage studies. These individuals are a subset of the total cohort recruited during the 2000 Norfolk Island Health Study. Demographic investigations have identified a high prevalence of migraine compared to estimates reported in the general Caucasian population (approximately 12%). Approximately 23.6% individuals have been diagnosed in accordance with IHS guidelines. Furthermore, as is typically observed in Western populations migraine prevalence displays an unequal sex-specific distribution, with a higher proportion of affected female sufferers observed in an approximate 3 to 1 ratio. The most frequently reported migraine symptom phenotypes include attack duration, attack frequency, pulsating quality of the headache and light sensitivity (photophobia). A significant genetic component to migraine is evident in this population, with heritability estimates of 42% and 52% for IHS and LCA derived phenotypes, respectively. Given the unique structure of this population, elevated prevalence, increased preponderance of affected females and evidence of a significant genetic component (p<0.05), this population should be very useful for molecular studies to localise potential susceptibility genes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".