Bibliographic record
Abstract
In laboratory conditions, with the head restrained and held upright, eye-in-head orientation vectors are constrained to a tilted two-dimensional (2D) range called Listing’s plane. However, in most real-world conditions gaze control utilizes a three-dimensional (3D) range. For example, when the head is allowed to move naturally, the accompanying saccades and vestibulo-ocular reflex movements include coordinated torsional components, out of, and then back into Listing’s plane. The head itself rotates more like a set of Fick gimbals, resulting in a non-planar range of orientation vectors. To control this complex behaviour, the brainstem reticular formation appears to have struck upon an elegant solution: it encodes the 3D components of posture and movement in coordinates that align with the Listing and Fick behavioural constraints, such that its control signals collapse to 2D (zero torsion) when these constraints are upheld, but it retains the capacity for torsional control whenever required. In contrast, the superior colliculus and cortex appear to only encode 2D gaze direction. Surprisingly, after many years of research on this topic, we still know very little—other than a few clues—about the neural mechanisms that transform high-level 2D gaze direction commands into the 3D control signals for eye and head orientation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".