Transcytosis of insulin across microvascular endothelium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Circulating plasma insulin concentrations are higher than those of the interstitium, suggesting that transport across the microvascular endothelial layer is the rate‐limiting step. It is hypothesized that the metabolic syndrome, characterized by insulin resistance, is influenced by alterations in the trans‐endothelial transport of insulin. However, little is known about how insulin crosses the microvascular endothelium, although in principle it could occur via a paracellular or transcellular route. To date, technical limitations have limited the study of insulin transcytosis. Here we show the development of transwell and total internal reflectance fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) assays to quantify transcytosis of insulin across endothelial monolayers. The transwell assay measures only the transcellular permeability of insulin and TIRFM measures the fusion of insulin‐containing vesicles at the basal membrane; neither assay is affected by paracellular leak. Using these complementary methods, we show that insulin transcytosis across tissue microvessels is a receptor‐mediated process. Further, that microtubule depolymerization decreases insulin transcytosis. In conclusion, we have developed methods for quantifying the transcytosis of insulin across the microvascular endothelium. We will thus discuss insulin transcytosis under conditions mimicking the metabolic syndrome.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".