Clinical and Sociodemographic Profiles of Male Inmates with Severe Mental Illness: A Comparison with Voluntarily and Involuntarily Hospitalized Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical specificity of men with severe mental illness (aged 18 to 40 years) by legal status. METHOD: Our study compared 85 inmates with 66 involuntarily hospitalized patients (IHPs) and 50 voluntarily hospitalized patients (VHPs) with at least one Axis I diagnosis of psychosis or major affective disorder. Sociodemographics, medical information, and criminal history were drawn from interviews, medical records, and official criminal records. We used the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to determine Axis I disorders and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Psychopathy was measured with the Psychopathy Checklist--Revised. RESULTS: We found that inmates had a lower level of schooling (P = 0.001), were more likely to have been in an intimate relationship (P < 0.001), and were less likely to have a psychiatric hospitalization history (P < 0.001), compared with hospitalized patients. Inmates were also more likely to meet criteria for delusional disorders or psychosis not otherwise specified (P < 0.001) and major depression (P = 0.001). IHPs were more likely to meet schizophrenia spectrum disorder criteria (P < 0.001). Inmates had a higher level of comorbidity involving ASPD (P < 0.001), psychopathy (P < 0.001), and substance misuse (P < 0.001). IHPs showed an intermediate level between inmates and VHPs for these comorbid disorders. VHPs had the lowest level of comorbidity with Axis I psychiatric diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Our clinical specificity hypothesis was supported: different psychopathological characteristics and social functioning profiles were identified by legal status. Specific integrated treatments should be considered for inmates and IHPs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".