INTERVENSI PSIKOEDUKASI TENTANG SKIZOFRENIA PADACAREGIVER KOMUNITAS PEDULI SKIZOFRENIA INDONESIA (KPSI)TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN PENURUNANSTIGMA TENTANG GANGUAN SKIZOFRENIADI YOGYAKARTA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Latar Belakang : Skizofrenia adalah gangguan mental berat yang ditandai gangguan fundamental dalam berpikir, persepsi dan emosi. Skizofrenia menduduki peringkat ke-8 penyebab utama kecacatan disesuaikan tahun hidup, the disability adjustment life years (DALYs), di seluruh dunia dalam kelompok usia 15-44 tahun dan untuk tingkat kecacatan menyumbang 1,1% dari keseluruhan DALYs. Orang dengan skizofrenia sering mengandalkan anggota keluarga sebagai caregiver untuk memperoleh dukungan emosional, instrumental dan ekonomi. Hanya 40% caregiver yang mendapatkan informasi adekuat dari tenaga kesehatan tentang bagaimana cara beradaptasi dengan penderita gangguan mental, padahal edukasi pada keluarga tentang gangguan mental akan meningkatkan ketaatan pengobatan dan mencegah kekambuhan. Stigma caregiver terhadap gangguan skizofrenia berkorelasi positif terhadap dukungan pengobatan pada penderita skizofrenia. Stigma terhadap penderita skizofrenia dapat berkurang dengan menutup celah kesenjangan pengetahuan tentang skizofrenia melalui pendidikan yaitu intervensi psikoedukasi terhadap caregiver. Tujuan : Untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh intervensi psikoedukasi tentang skizofrenia pada caregiver dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan menurunkan stigma gangguan skizofrenia. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan pre-test and post-test design dengan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Sebanyak 30 orang caregiver yang merupakan keluarga dan anggota Komunitas Peduli Skizofrenia Indonesia (KPSI) diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Sesi intervensi psikoedukasi dilakukan sebanyak empat kali pertemuan menggunakan multimedia oleh fasilitator terlatih, dilakukan berkelompok di RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Instrumen yang dipakai adalah instrument KOS(Knowledge of Schizophrenia) dan skala DKK (Devaluasi Keluarga Konsumen) dan daftar isian responden. Hasil : Didapati perbedaan yang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pada skor KOS (p Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by fundamental disturbances on thinking, perception and emotion. Schizophrenia ranks as the eighth leading cause of morbidity based on Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) among people aged 15 to 44 years old. Schizophrenia contributes 1.1% of the total DALYs globally. People with schizophrenia often rely on their family members as caregivers for emotional and financial support, and also for providing their daily needs. Only 40% of caregivers obtained adequate information from health professionals regarding adaptation to people with mental disorders, while family education on mental disorder may improve treatment compliance and prevent recurrence. The lack of information given by the health professionals towards the caregivers may lead to the lack of knowledge, which may then lead to stigmatization on schizophrenia disorder. Caregiver’s stigma towards schizophrenia disorder correlates to poorer treatment support for people with schizophrenia. The stigma towards schizophrenia disorder may be reduced by improving the caregivers’ knowledge through education, such as psycho-education intervention. Objective: To identify the effect of psycho-education intervention of schizophrenia for caregivers in improving knowledge and reducing stigma of schizophrenia disorder. Methods: This study was an experimental study using pre-test and post-test design with univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. A total of 30 caregivers, consisting of family members and the members of Indonesia Community Care for Schizophrenia, were enrolled in the study. The psycho-education intervention sessions were conducted four times using multimedia tools. The sessions were given by trained facilitators at the Department of Psychiatry, Sardjito Hospital. The Knowledge of Schizophrenia (KOS) instrument, the Consumer Family Devaluation (CFD) scale, and the respondent checklist were used to collect the data. Results: The study found significant difference between pre and post intervention of KOS score (p
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".