Neuropeptide W has bidirectional effects on the membrane potential of arcuate nucleus neurons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The previously orphaned receptor GPR7 and its endogenous ligand neuropeptide W (NPW) are found in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Therefore, they have the potential to modulate a variety of autonomic processes via interaction with the neurons in this nucleus. Using a combination of whole cell patch clamp recording from hypothalamic brain slices containing the arcuate nucleus and single‐cell reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction we have characterized the response of arcuate neurons to NPW and identified the phenotypes of responsive cells. Neurons expressing somatostatin, neuropeptide Y and POMC depolarized when exposed to nanomolar concentrations of NPW during current clamp recordings. This depolarization was often followed by a slowly developing membrane hyperpolarization. A minority of neurons hyperpolarized in the absence of depolarization. When arcuate neurons were pre‐treated with the voltage‐gated sodium channel blocker TTX, the depolarizing effect of NPW was largely inhibited while the slowly developing hyperpolarization was preserved. Consequently, NPW appears to have two main actions on neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Firstly, a rapidly induced release of excitatory neurotransmitter onto these neurons, followed, secondly, with a long‐lasting hyperpolarization to ensure the depolarization is terminated with prolonged NPW exposure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".