Survival Strategies of<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>: Stress Responses, the Viable but Nonculturable State, and Biofilms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter is divided into three sections. The first covers specific stresses and responses, is organized by the type of stress encountered, and discusses specific gene products or global response pathways that participate in countering the stress condition. The second and third sections cover two different types of pleiotropic whole-population differentiation strategies or outcomes: the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) and coccoid forms of Campylobacter, and Campylobacter jejuni biofilms. Also incorporated into the latter two sections are the types of stresses that induce the differentiation, the genes involved in their formation, and the effect of differentiation on survivability or growth of C. jejuni. To date, only two regulatory factors directly affecting heat stress have been characterized, one of which is the RacR (reduced ability to colonize) response regulator. As such, nonculturable cells can be classified as both viable and nonviable, and not necessarily specifically correlated with shape. The majority of research to date on the contribution of biofilms to stress tolerance in C. jejuni has been in the context of survival in aquatic environments. It is important to point out that although this chapter specifically reviewed survival strategies and stress responses, many of the genes and pathways discussed affect multiple or all aspects of the pathogenesis cycle, encompassing colonization, transmission, and virulence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".