Circulating isoflavone levels in CD‐1 mice: effect of oral versus subcutaneous delivery and frequency of administration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The CD-1 mouse is often used to study biological effects of early life exposure to soy isoflavones (ISO) in infants. Most studies using CD-1 mice have administered ISO by daily subcutaneous (s.c.) injection while infants receive oral feeds every few hours. The study objectives were to compare the serum levels of genistein (GEN), daidzein (DAI), equol and O-DMA after s.c. injection and oral dosing; and to determine if frequency of oral administration results in different circulating levels of ISO and their metabolites. From postnatal day (PND) 1 to 5, pups (n=8–12) randomly received corn oil or ISO (total daily dose = 0.005 mg DAI + 0.010 mg GEN) by s.c. injection once a day, orally once a day or orally every 4 hours. On PND 5, an hour post-treatment, mice were sacrificed. Serum was analyzed for GEN, DAI, equol and O-DMA by LCMS. ISO groups had higher (p<0.05) serum GEN (1895–3391 ng/ml) and DAI (850–1580 ng/ml) concentrations vs. controls, regardless of route or frequency of administration and were similar among the dosing strategies. Serum concentrations of GEN and DAI were higher (p<0.05) among females (GEN: 2714 ± 393 ng/mL and DAI: 1205 ± 164 ng/ml) than males (GEN: 521 ± 439 ng/mL and DAI: 288 ± 184 ng/ml) across treatment groups. Serum equol and O-DMA concentrations were negligible across groups. In conclusion, different routes of delivery and frequency of administration resulted in similar serum levels of GEN, DAI, equol or O-DMA. Grant Funding Source: Canadian Institutes of Health Research to W.E.W. (funding reference number 89941) and a Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship Doctoral Award to J.K.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".