Comparison of methods to detect resistance of Helminthosporium solani to a thiabendazole fungicide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development of resistance to a post-harvest and preplanting benzimidazole fungicide, thiabendazole (TBZ), has resulted in the increase of silver scurf of potato caused by Helminthosporium solani. Conventional and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays were compared, among 54 isolates of H. solani, to detect the TBZ-sensitive (TBZS) and -resistant (TBZR) isolates. In a PCR-based assay, all 27 single-spore isolates from eastern Canada, nine isolates from Alberta in western Canada, six isolates from North Dakota, USA were distinguished as TBZR, the remainder of the isolates being determined as TBZS. The results from the PCR-based assay correlated well with the TBZ sensitivity assessment of isolates of H. solani on the TBZ-amended medium. Also, the detection of TBZR- H. solani in 20 tuber samples with silver scurf lesions by the PCR-based assay demonstrates that this method can be used to detect the pathogen directly from the tuber lesions. The PCR-based method was more rapid (1 day) than the conventional technique (5 weeks).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".