Taphonomy of horned dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) from the late Campanian Kaiparowits Formation, Grand Staircase - Escalante National Monument, Utah
Bibliographic record
Abstract
[Extract] A collaborative palaeontologicsl survey conducted by the Utah Museum of Natural History and the Bureau of Land Management in the Upper Cretaceous Kaiparowits Formation, in Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, southern Utah, has yielded remains of at least three new ceratopsid dinosaur taxa from multiple localities. Significant ceratopsid specimens excavated and collected from these localities provide the basis of a taphonomic study of ceratopsian deposition in the Kaiparowits Formation. Most ceratopsian remains in the formation represent isolated specimens preserved by rapid burial within fluvial channels and are likely to be preserved as associated or partially articulated specimens. Rare specimens preserved in fine-grained overbank or pond sediments are much more likely to be disarticulated and decomposed than those in fluvial channel settings. The Kaiparowits Formation preserves no evidence of mass monodominant centrosaurine bonebeds like those found in the coeval Dinosaur Park and Two Medicine Formations; however, a single monodominant chasmosaurine bonebed at UMNH locality 942 may be due to behavioral or paleoenvironmental influences, and may represent a link with other Campanian chasmosaurine localities in the southern Western Interior Basin. Trends in taphonomic modes and signatures from ceratopsian localities in the Kaiparowits Formation provide useful means of comparing preservation of these taxa with others found in coeval formations in Alberta and Montana.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".