Opportunities to Improve Recycling of Automotive Lithium Ion Batteries
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A high recovery of lithium from recycled lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is essential to ensure the growth and sustainability of the electrical vehicle market. Without recycling, lithium demand is predicted to outstrip supply in 2023. Current industrial processes are focused on recovering cobalt and other valuable metals because, given lithium's current low price, it is economically unfavorable to recover it. As part of our efforts to create a process where the recovery of lithium is economically viable we have analyzed the current industrial processes. We have determined that, when applied to recycling automotive LIBs, they are needlessly energy intensive and complicated. In these processes whole LIBs are incinerated, cryogenically cooled, or shredded under an inert atmosphere in order to make their cells safe to open. Instead of such extreme measures, LIBs can be disassembled by automated processes, which recovers valuable electronics for reuse, their cells can be discharged, which recovers residual energy, and then can be opened safely in air.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it