MONASTERIES OF THE TVER HALF OF THE BEZHETSKAYA PYATINA AT THE END OF THE 15TH - 16TH CENTURIES: LOCALIZATION, LAND OWNERSHIP
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Статья посвящена монастырям и монастырскому землевладению в Тверской половине Бежецкой пятины в конце XV - XVI в. Основными источниками являются писцовые книги, привлекается актовый материал, описания XIX - начала ХХ в. В общей сложности выявлена информация о десяти монастырях, девять из которых возникло в XVI в. Наиболее ранним, предположительно, является Иоанно-Богословский монастырь в волости Удомля. Размеры монастырей Тверской половины Бежецкой пятины были невелики, землевладения располагались в непосредственной близости от самих монастырей. Более крупными являлись владения новгородских обителей - Воскресенского на Мячине, Кириллова, Юрьева, Троицкого Млёвского. В целом монастырское землевладение в Тверской половине Бежецкой пятины после присоединения Новгорода к Московскому государству уступало размерам владений Хутынского и Аркажского монастырей на этой территории в период новгородской самостоятельности. Небольшие размеры монастырского землевладения и малое количество монастырей на изучаемой территории объясняется ее периферийностью по отношению к Новгороду. Возникшие в XVI в. монастыри находились на сухопутных и водных путях сообщения. Упадок монастырского хозяйства наблюдается с последней четверти XVI в. Формирование систем приписных монастырей в XVII в., вероятно, являлось попыткой выхода из кризиса путем консолидации монастырских ресурсов. The article is devoted to the monasteries and monastery land ownership in the Tver half of the Bezhetskaya pyatina at the end of the 15th - 16th centuries. The main sources are the scribe books, acts, descriptions of the 19th - early 20th centuries. In total, information was revealed about ten monasteries, nine of which arose in the 16th centuries. The earliest, presumably, is the John Theological Monastery in the Udomlya volost. The size of the monasteries of the Tver half of the Bezhetskaya pyatina was very small, the land ownership was usually located in the immediate vicinity of the monasteries themselves. The larger ones were the lands of the Novgorod monasteries - the monastery of the Resurrection on Myachino, Kirillov, Yuryev, as well as the monastery of the St. Trinity Mlevsky.In general, the monastery land ownership in the Tver half of the Bezhetskaya pyatina after the accession of the Novgorod to the Moscow state was very small and inferior to the size of the lands of the Khutynsky and Arkazhsky monasteries in this territory during the period of Novgorod independence. Small scales of monastery land ownership and a small number of monasteries in the area under the research are explained by its periphery in relation to Novgorod. At the same time, the monasteries that arose in the 16th century were on land roads and waterways. The decline of the monastery economy has been observed since the last quarter of the 16th century. The formation of systems of ascribed monasteries in the 17th century was probably an attempt to overcome the crisis by the consolidation of the monastery resources.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it