Leaf structural traits of two Restinga plant species with different resistance patterns to iron toxicity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Iron mining activities are a source of particulate iron, which contaminates soil and plants of Restinga biome (Brazil). To investigate the possible effects of iron toxicity on Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. and Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. leaves, plants were submitted to different exposure times (12, 36, 108, and 228 hours) and iron concentrations (0.5 or 150 mg·L−1 Fe2+ as FeSO4·7H2O). After 108 hours of iron excess treatment, C. rosea leaves were chlorotic, whereas I. pes-caprae leaves presented venal chlorosis and bronzing after 228 hours of iron excess treatment. The anatomical alterations in I. pes-caprae were more intense and appeared after 36 hours, which was earlier than in C. rosea. The leaf epidermal cells of I. pes-caprae presented alterations in organization, size, and shape, and for both species the epicuticular wax was altered and wax rupture occurred close to the stomata. The positive staining for the presence of iron in leaf tissues matches with damaged areas in I. pes-caprae leaves, indicating direct iron toxicity. Ipomoea pes-caprae presented the most severe symptoms, whereas C. rosea presented the most resistance. The results suggest that, over time, the emission of particulate matter may negatively impact the ecological succession and biodiversity of Restinga.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".