Gravitational “Doppler Boosting / De-boosting” Effect within the Framework of General Relativity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The “Doppler boosting / de-boosting” relativistic effect increases / decreases the apparent luminosity of approaching / receding sources of radiation. This effect was analyzed in detail within the Special Relativity framework and was confirmed in many astronomical observations. It is however not clear if “Doppler boosting / de-boosting” exists in the framework of General Relativity as well, and if it exists, which equations describe it. The “Einstein’s elevator” and Einstein’s “Equivalence principle” allow to obtain the formula for “Doppler boosting / de-boosting” for a uniform gravitational field within the vicinity of the emitter/receiver. Under these simplified conditions, the ratio ℳ between apparent (L) and intrinsic (Lo) luminosity can be conveniently represented using source’s spectral index α and gravitational redshift z as ℳ(z, α) ≡ L/Lo=(z+1)^(α-3). This is the first step towards the complete set of equations that describe the gravitational "Doppler boosting / de-boosting" effect within the General Relativity framework including radial gravitational field and arbitrary values of distance h between emitter and receiver.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".