Direct inhibition of phosphate transport by immune signaling in Arabidopsis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soil availability of inorganic ortho-phosphate (PO 4 3− , P i ) is a key determinant of plant growth and fitness. 1 1. Bieleski, R.L. Phosphate pools, phosphate transport, and phosphate availability Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 1973; 24 :225-252 Crossref Google Scholar Plants regulate the capacity of their roots to take up inorganic phosphate by adapting the abundance of H + -coupled phosphate transporters of the PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER 1 (PHT1) family 2 2. Nussaume, L. ∙ Kanno, S. ∙ Javot, H. ... Phosphate import in plants: focus on the PHT1 transporters Front. Plant Sci. 2011; 2 :83 Crossref Scopus (423) PubMed Google Scholar at the plasma membrane (PM) through transcriptional and post-translational changes driven by the genetic network of the phosphate starvation response (PSR). 3–8 3. Shin, H. ∙ Shin, H.-S. ∙ Dewbre, G.R. ... Phosphate transport in Arabidopsis: Pht1;1 and Pht1;4 play a major role in phosphate acquisition from both low- and high-phosphate environments Plant J. 2004; 39 :629-642 Crossref Scopus (641) PubMed Google Scholar 4. Misson, J. ∙ Thibaud, M.C. ∙ Bechtold, N. ... Transcriptional regulation and functional properties of Arabidopsis Pht1;4, a high affinity transporter contributing greatly to phosphate uptake in phosphate deprived plants Plant Mol. Biol. 2004; 55 :727-741 Crossref Scopus (213) PubMed Google Scholar 5. Thibaud, M.C. ∙ Arrighi, J.F. ∙ Bayle, V. ... Dissection of local and systemic transcriptional responses to phosphate starvation in Arabidopsis Plant J. 2010; 64 :775-789 Crossref Scopus (258) PubMed Google Scholar 6. Bayle, V. ∙ Arrighi, J.-F.F. ∙ Creff, A. ... Arabidopsis thaliana high-affinity phosphate transporters exhibit multiple levels of posttranslational regulation Plant Cell. 2011; 23 :1523-1535 Crossref Scopus (208) PubMed Google Scholar 7. Park, B.S. ∙ Seo, J.S. ∙ Chua, N.H. NITROGEN LIMITATION ADAPTATION recruits PHOSPHATE2 to target the phosphate transporter PT2 for degradation during the regulation of Arabidopsis phosphate homeostasis Plant Cell. 2014; 26 :454-464 Crossref Scopus (213) PubMed Google Scholar 8. Liao, Y.Y. ∙ Li, J.L. ∙ Pan, R.L. ... Structure-function analysis reveals amino acid residues of Arabidopsis phosphate transporter At PHT1;1 crucial for its activity Front. Plant Sci. 2019; 10 :1158 Crossref Scopus (13) PubMed Google Scholar Increasing evidence also shows that plants integrate immune responses to alleviate phosphate starvation stress through the association with beneficial microbes. 9–11 9. Castrillo, G. ∙ Teixeira, P.J.P.L. ∙ Paredes, S.H. ... Root microbiota drive direct integration of phosphate stress and immunity Nature. 2017; 543 :513-518 Crossref Scopus (604) PubMed Google Scholar 10. Finkel, O.M. ∙ Salas-González, I. ∙ Castrillo, G. ... The effects of soil phosphorus content on plant microbiota are driven by the plant phosphate starvation response PLoS Biol. 2019; 17 :e3000534 Crossref Scopus (124) PubMed Google Scholar 11. Shi, J. ∙ Zhao, B. ∙ Zheng, S. ... A phosphate starvation response-centered network regulates mycorrhizal symbiosis Cell. 2021; 184 :5527-5540.e18 Full Text Full Text (PDF) Scopus (168) PubMed Google Scholar Whether and how such phosphate transport is regulated upon activation of immune responses is yet uncharacterized. To address this question, we first developed quantitative assays based on changes in the electrical PM potential to measure active P i transport in roots in real time. By inserting micro-electrodes into bulging root hairs, we were able to determine key characteristics of phosphate transport in intact Arabidopsis thaliana (hereafter Arabidopsis ) seedlings. The fast P i -induced depolarization observed was dependent on the activity of the major phosphate transporter PHT1;4. Notably, we observed that this PHT1;4-mediated phosphate uptake is repressed upon activation of pattern-triggered immunity. This inhibition depended on the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1 (BIK1) and PBS1-LIKE KINASE 1 (PBL1), which both phosphorylated PHT1;4. As a corollary to this negative regulation of phosphate transport by immune signaling, we found that PHT1;4-mediated phosphate uptake normally negatively regulates anti-bacterial immunity in roots. Collectively, our results reveal a mechanism linking plant immunity and phosphate homeostasis, with BIK1/PBL1 providing a molecular integration point between these two important pathways.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".