O12‐3: Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an active process in smokers, patients with small airway disease and COPD: Implications for small airway fibrosis and obliteration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Although frequent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation has been associated with the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in sputum cultures, it remains unknown whether the empirical use of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics can improve outcomes in patients with frequent COPD exacerbations. Objective: To determine whether the empirical use of antipseudomonal antibiotics reduce the length of hospital stay in patients with recurrent COPD exacerbation. Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted in seven hospitals in Japan. The study included patients aged 40 years who were admitted to the hospital with COPD exacerbation more than twice during the study period (from April 1, 2008 to July 31, 2020).The primary outcome was the length of hospital stay. For statistical analysis, a log-linked Gamma model was used. Parameters were estimated using a generalised estimating equation model accounting for repeated observations from a single patient. Covariates were age, body mass index, home oxygen therapy use, respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen use on admission, mental status, systemic steroid use, activities of daily living, and number of recurrences. Results: Among 1573 patients with COPD exacerbation, 344 patients and 965 observations of recurrent COPD exacerbations were included. Anti-pseudomonal antibiotics were used in 173 patients (18%). The estimated change in the length of hospital stay between anti-pseudomonal and nonanti-pseudomonal antibiotics groups was 0.044 days [95% confidence interval; -0.077, 0.166]. Conclusions: Use of empirical anti-pseudomonal antibiotics only on the number of recurrence may not be necessary.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".