A Study of Social Isolation, Multimorbidity and Multiple Role Demands among Middle-age Adults Based on the CLSA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Our understanding of the influence of concurrent multiple social and family roles on social isolation among the middle-aged generation remains limited. Given the increasing complexity of parenting, caregiving and working patterns over recent decades in many countries, and greater concern of multimorbidity in mid-life, this study examines the longitudinal effects of these contexts on social isolation among middle-aged persons. We apply Linear Mixed Models to analyze a sub-sample of 29,847 middle-aged (aged 45 to 64) participants drawn from the Baseline and Follow-up 1 waves of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Separated analyses were conducted for participants with or without multimorbidity in order to identify patterns across these groups. Both middle-aged participants with and without multimorbidity experienced greater social isolation over time. Among participants without multimorbidity, holding multiple roles serves as a protective function to prevent social isolation over time. Among participants with multimorbidity, the parenting role remain as a protective factor; however, the caregiving role increases the risk of social isolation over time. This study confirms several life-course transitions from middle age to older age, including increased risk of social isolation and caregiving demand, and decreased parenting and working involvement. Different associations were uncovered among middle-aged persons occupying multiple roles on social isolation with and without multimorbidity over time. The findings emphasize the necessity to study multimorbidity as a salient contextual factor, and to provide enhanced support to multimorbid middle-aged individuals with increasing family caregiving demands.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".