Comparative Analysis of the Detonation Combustion of Kerosene and Gasoline Vapors in a Laval Nozzle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The possibility of stabilizing the detonation combustion of kerosene and gasoline vapors in a supersonic air flow entering an axisymmetric convergent–divergent nozzle with a central body under atmospheric conditions at an altitude of 16 km is studied numerically. The central body provides direct initiation of detonation due to the thermal and kinetic energy of the incident flow. The mathematical model is based on two-dimensional unsteady Euler equations for an axisymmetric flow of a multicomponent reacting gas and reduced kinetic models of combustion of flammable mixtures. The calculations use a modification of the numerical scheme of S.K. Godunov of the second order of accuracy in spatial variables. The central body of the cylinder–cone (CC) and cone–cylinder–cone (CCC) types is considered. The possibility of stabilizing the detonation combustion of kerosene at the oncoming flow of Mach numbers of M = 7 and 9 with thrust generation is shown. In the case of gasoline, only a small part of the mixture burns in the detonation mode behind the detached shock wave in front of the end wall of the central body. The thrust obtained in gasoline vapors does not compensate the aerodynamic resistance of the nozzle and the central body.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".