Maternal effects of climate warming and nitrogen deposition vary with home and introduced ranges
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Maternal effects allow offspring to cope with rapidly changing environments. While the immediate effects of long‐term climate warming and nitrogen (N) deposition are well documented, their maternal effects have been little studied. We conducted a 6‐year maternal experiment with Solidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod), native to North America (home range) and invasive in China (introduced range), and then performed two offspring experiments to address how maternal warming, maternal N‐addition and population source interacted to influence offspring performance. Maternal effects of warming and N‐addition on seed traits, leaf dry matter content and whole‐plant biomass were stronger in S. canadensis offspring from China (introduced range) than in offspring from North America (home range). Matched maternal–offspring environments allowed offspring to perform better compared to mismatched environments; offspring grown under warming flowered and produced seeds within a growing season only when their maternal plants were previously exposed to warming. Offspring environments influenced its performance and also modulated maternal effects. We suggest that the maternal effects of simulated climate warming and N deposition could vary with home and introduced ranges. Our findings imply that maternal warming could advance the reproductive phenology of offspring. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".