Comparative Analysis of Chloroplast Genomes of Thalassiosira Species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thalassiosira is a species-rich genus in Bacillariophyta with important ecological contribution to primary productivity but can also pose negative impact on ecology by developing harmful algal blooms (HABs). However, genomic resources of only a few Thalassiosira species are currently available. Here, we constructed complete chloroplast genomes (cpDNAs) of six Thalassiosira strains (representing six Thalassiosira species T. rotula , T. profunda , T. nordenskioeldii , T. tenera , T. weissflogii , and Thalassiosira sp.), and compared them with published cpDNAs of other diatoms. Comparative analysis revealed that Thalassiosira cpDNAs have generally conventional and conserved quadripartite structure with important exceptions. Gene orders of cpDNAs of Thalassiosira sp. (CNS00561) and T. oceanica were different from that of other Thalassiosira species. Additionally, endosymbiotic gene transfers (EGT) were found to occur in the evolution of Thalassiosira cpDNAs. Furthermore, genomic regions of cpDNAs were found to be highly variable, which could be used to construct molecular markers for distinguishing Thalassiosira species with high resolution and high specificity. This study also demonstrated that Thalassiosira species emerged roughly around 51 MYA and diversified 17–28 MYA. Thalassiosira cpDNAs are not only valuable as super-barcode for phylogenetic analysis, but also important for functional and evolutionary analysis of diatoms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".