Effect of varying frequency of a synthetic jet on flow separation over an airfoil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental investigation on the effects of the synthetic jet actuator (SJA) was conducted on a National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 0025 airfoil in a low-speed recirculating wind tunnel at a chord Reynolds number of 100 000 and at an angle of attack 12°. Particle image velocimetry was used to visualize the flow separation for the uncontrolled baseline flow, and the flow attachment for the SJA controlled flows. The location of the SJA was at −1.3% from the separation point, and a blowing ratio of 0.8 was chosen for this study. The blowing ratio proved to be effective in suppressing the separation of the flow. The reduced frequency (Ste) was varied between 1, 2, 14, and 58. The momentum bursts from the SJA based on the reduced frequency determined the effectiveness of the control method. The Reynolds stresses and turbulence production decreased dramatically with increasing frequency up to the shear layer frequency (Ste= 14), but further excitation (Ste= 58) resulted in a regain of turbulence levels. Proper orthogonal decomposition was performed which showed that the low frequency operations globally affect the modes in the shear layer while the high frequency operations are confined to the airfoil surface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".