Fertility in Austria: Past, Present and the Near Future
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the European context Austriaâs population has a tradition of lowfertility. Between the world wars of the 20th century Austria had the lowestfertility in Europe. It recovered most notably during the 1950s and early 1960s,but has been declining ever since. Contemporary childbearing trends and patternsare characterised by a continuing delay in childbearing which started with womenborn in the late 1940s. Women born during the 1970s had lower fertility than anyprevious cohorts. Whether they were postponing their births and/or many of themdeciding not to have any children remains to be seen. In the cohorts of the mid- tolate 1960s only about three-quarters of all women had a first birth and aroundone-quarter of Austrian women remained childless. This is one of the highestknown proportions of childless women in Europe. At the turn of the century idealand actual expected family size were among the lowest in Europe, 1.7 and 1.5children per couple, respectively. Childbearing behaviour of its young inhabitantssuggests that Austria will reassume the tradition of having one of the lowestfertility levels in Europe during the initial years, possibly decades, of the 21stcentury. If these low fertility levels were to persist, a considerable decline inpopulation size as well as rapid population ageing are inevitable implying theneed for societal and policy adjustments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".