Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chapter 4 examines Canada’s official multiculturalism as principle, policy, and practice. In acknowledging its status and role as a political project for Canada-building, an official multiculturalism originated as a political act to achieve political goals in a political acceptable manner (Peter 1981). The chapter begins by explaining how reference to multiculturalism as minority/diversity governance entails at least five levels of meaning – multiculturalism as fact, ideology, policy, practice, and activity. It traces the origins and developments of multiculturalism as an official policy from its genesis in 1971, through to its constitutional entrenchment in 1982 and passage of the Multiculturalism Act in 1988, to its current status as articulated in the Annual Reports on the Operation of Canada’s Multiculturalism Act (also ; Moss 2011). The chapter argues that, while an official multiculturalism has evolved through a series of phases, namely, ethnicity, equity, civic, and integration, it has never wavered from its foundational logic: the creation of an inclusive Canada through immigrant integration and minority accommodation. This chapter also discusses Quebec’s interculturalism policy as a governance model in contrast to the logic of a federal (or Anglo) multiculturalism. Attention is directed at what Quebec’s interculturalism means, how it differs (or not) from Canada’s Anglo multiculturalism, the rationales used to justify its presence and distinctiveness, and why a commitment to interculturalism rather than federal multiculturalism remains Quebec’s preferred governance framework.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.021 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".