Respiratory involvement parameters in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and their association with mortality and length of stay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction/Background: Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) present with a spectrum of respiratory symptoms. There are no studies describing respiratory system involvement adjusted for other organ systems, oxygen saturation nadir, hospitalization days until respiratory involvement, proportion of days of respiratory system involvement, and persistent respiratory involvement at discharge in COVID-19 patients. We studied these parameters in COVID-19 patients that received respiratory therapy interventions and their association with mortality and length of stay (LOS). Methods: A single-center cross-sectional retrospective study of 738 COVID-19 patients with respiratory involvement at a hospital in the New York metropolitan area. Results: >55% (OR:39.02, 95% CI:1.59-960.51, P < 0.05) and mechanical ventilation (OR:236.64, 95% CI:8.24-6798.93, P < 0.01). Respiratory system involvement adjusted for other organ system involvement was associated with increased mortality (OR:1.60, 95% CI:1.20, 2.14, P < 0.01) and LOS (B = 0.02, SE = 0.01, P < 0.01). Oxygen saturation nadir of 70%-89% was significantly associated with increased LOS (B = 0.07, SE = 0.03, P < 0.05), whereas oxygen saturation nadir of <70% was associated with increased mortality (OR:12.95, 95% CI:2.72-61.61, P < 0.01). An increased proportion of days in hospital with respiratory system involvement was associated with decreased mortality (OR:0.004, 95% CI:<0.001-0.06, P < 0.001) and increased LOS (B = 0.90, SE = 0.07, P < 0.001). Respiratory involvement on days 4-7 was associated with decreased mortality (OR:0.02, 95% CI:<0.003-0.17, P < 0.001), and respiratory involvement on day >1 was associated with increased LOS. Respiratory involvement persistent at discharge was associated with increased mortality (OR:56.82, 95%CI:18.51-174.43, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Among all respiratory parameters, high oxygen requirements and low oxygen saturation nadir are the most predictive of COVID-19 prognosis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".