Influence of Ti Substitution on Electrochemical Performance and Evolution of LiMn1.5−x Ni0.5TixO4 (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.3) as a High Voltage Cathode Material with a Very Long Cycle Life
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The high voltage spinel material LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 (LMNO) has the potential to increase the energy density of lithium batteries. However, its battery performance suffers from poor long-term cycling and high-temperature stability. In order to overcome these limitations, we have studied the effect of partial substitution of Mn with Ti and LiMn1.5−x Ni0.5TixO4 (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.3), LMNTO, materials have been synthesized in a newly modified sol-gel method and then characterized by TEM, SEM (EDX), AC Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Soft X-ray Spectromicroscopy. We have demonstrated that the long-term cycling limitation with these types of materials can be resolved and herein 2000 cycles at a high C-rate have been demonstrated in half cells. We have attributed this behavior to a possible charge compensation mechanism as evidenced by a Soft X-ray Spectromicroscopy study of delithiated LMNTO materials. This work takes high energy density batteries based on high voltage spinel material one step further towards commercialization, and it is believed that further improvement can be achieved using new electrolyte formulations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".