Longitudinal differences in instrumental activities of daily living (AIDLs) in participants with subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) according to neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) severity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Severity of the neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) is expected to have a negative impact on IADL, adding to the effect that cognitive decline can have and could lead to further impairment of functionality. Our objective was to analyze differences in IADL between two longitudinal evaluations in SCC participants with null, intermediate, or high levels of NPS at baseline considering the influence of the cognitive status. Method The sample consisted of 242 older adults with SCCs from the CompAS (Compostela Aging Study) and followed up 18‐24 months. Participants were classified according to absence (score ≤ 33th; MBI‐C total score=0), intermediate (score between 33th and 66th; MBI‐C total score ≥0 and ≤5; M=2.18, SD=1.10), and high level of NPS (score ≥ 66th; MBI‐C total score >5; M=10.83, SD=5.32) measured at the baseline by the Mild Behavioral Impairment‐Checklist (MBI‐C). Functionality was assessed by the short version of the Amsterdam‐IADL (A‐IADL‐Q‐SV). A repeated measures mixed‐ANOVA was performed to test intergroup (two groups: null‐NPS=92; Intermediate‐NPS=70; High‐NPS=80) and intra‐subject (two measurements: A‐IADL‐Q‐SV scores at baseline and at follow‐up) differences. In order to test the between‐group differences subtracting the effect of the cognitive objective decline, CAMCOG‐R total score was subsequently introduced as covariate. Results Mixed‐ANOVA of repeated measures showed significant differences between groups in all the pairwise comparisons (Null‐NPS F(2,239)=22.41, p<.001, ηp2 =.158, observed power=1.0 (Figure 1). Measurement main effect and Group*Measurement interaction were not significant. Inclusion of CAMCOG‐R total score as covariate did not alter the results but size effect for the Group differences slightly decreased, F(2,238)=18.28, p<.001, ηp2 =.133, observed power=1.0. Conclusions Functionality decline was significantly associated to the severity level of NPS. The consideration of cognitive status as covariate only slightly reduced the size effect observed in between‐group differences, which suggests a certain independence of the NPS in the deterioration of functionality. Longitudinal differences in IADL were not observed in the 18‐24 months follow‐up interval.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".