Antiphospholipid Antibodies and the Antiphospholipid Syndrome: From Coagulation to the Clinic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic, autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) directed to various plasma proteins bound to anionic phospholipids. The clinical syndrome of APS is variable, resulting commonly in venous or arterial thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity and is defined by clinical and laboratory consensus criteria (1). "Noncriteria" clinical presentations and severe presentations such as catastrophic APS (a syndrome of multiorgan failure) are less common. Both criteria and noncriteria presentations are described in Table APS patients may have underlying systemic lupus erythematosus, but approximately half of the patients do not and are diagnosed as primary APS (2). Although asymptomatic carriers of APLA are identified, the true prevalence in the general population is unknown, due to the absence of large population-based studies. In symptomatic patients, it is estimated that APLA may be detected in up to 10% of cases of stroke, venous thrombosis, and pregnancy morbidity (3) and in 17% of patients less than 50 years with stroke (4), with an estimated incidence of 1 to 2 persons per 100 000 population (5).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".