Estruturas tridimensionais obtidas pela complexação de quitosana com outros polissacarídeos para aplicação na engenharia de tecidos vasculares
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery and peripheral vascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide.Surgical interventions for the repair of damaged blood vessels are often necessary, including partial replacement of the vessel or use of vascular patches.There is a need for materials capable of acting effectively as vascular substitutes, especially in the case of small-caliber blood vessels (diameter smaller than 6 mm), since the materials regularly used often lead to postoperative complications and vessel reocclusion.Recent advances in the development of vascular substitutes are a consequence of tissue engineering approaches, with the culture of vascular cells on biodegradable scaffolds.Chitosan (Ch), a natural biocompatible polymer, is widely used in the production of scaffolds and its combination with other polysaccharides such as alginate (A) and pectin (P) contributes to the improvement of biomaterial properties.In this work, matrices with flat geometry were produced using chitosan of three different molar weights in combination with A or P in the presence or absence of the surfactant Kolliphor ® P188 (K) and silicone gel Silpuran ® 2130 A/B (S), and characterized to assess the influence of composition on matrix's properties.Additional characterizations were performed to validate their potential application as tissue-engineered vascular patches.The use of chitosan of high molar weight and pectin, in combination with S, resulted in materials with poroviscoelastic behavior and higher mechanical resistance when comparing all formulations tested.Ch-P matrices presented higher stability and better response to blood contact, due to the presence of platelets in the less advanced stages of activation and lower levels of thrombogenicity, as well as better adhesion, proliferation and greater viability of smooth muscle cells.Devices with tubular geometry prepared with Ch-P were successfully fabricated using a new methodology, resulting in homogeneous, stable and highly porous scaffolds.The use of collagen gel for entrapment of smooth muscle cells facilitated the introduction and homogeneous distribution of the cells in the three-dimensional tubular structure.The present study evidenced that the use of chitosan complexed with pectin, a combination still underexplored in tissue engineering, has the potential to be further investigated for this purpose.In addition, this study demonstrated that the threedimensional structures obtained in different geometries are promising for the use in the reconstruction and regeneration of vascular tissues.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".