AJI volume 107 issue 3 Cover and Front matter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article challenges the oft-repeated claim that international organizations undermine democracy by marginalizing national legislatures.Over the past forty years, Congress has established itself as a key player in setting U.S. policy toward the World Bank.Congress has done far more than restrain executive branch action with which it disagrees; it has affirmatively shaped the United States' dayto-day participation in this key international organization and successfully defended its constitutional authority to do so. U.S. Supreme Court decision on application of the presumption against extraterritoriality to the Alien Tort Statute Prosecutor v. Peris ˇic ´(Christopher Jenks) 622International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia appeals judgment on aiding and abetting liability for war crimes and on command responsibilitySupreme Court of Japan decision on effect of unrecognized state's accession to a multilateral treaty Criminal Proceedings Against Albers (Filippo Fontanelli) 632Italian Court of Cassation decision applying ICJ judgment on Germany's sovereign immunity from civil claims for war crimes
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.655 | 0.543 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".