Alexithymia and Somatization in Nausea and Vomiting in Early Pregnancy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: The relationship of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy with psychiatric diseases and the relationship of alexithymia and somatization with psychosomatic diseases are well known. This study aims to investigate the effects of alexithymia and somatization on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Methods: In total, 128 pregnant women were included in the study. Pregnant women with (n = 83) and without (n = 45) nausea and vomiting were evaluated using the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis Scale. All subjects were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the Somatosensory Amplification Scale. Results: The Somatosensory Amplification Scale score of the nausea and vomiting of pregnancy group was significantly higher compared to the non-nausea and vomiting of pregnancy group (P = .007). Subjects with moderate nausea and vomiting of pregnancy as determined by the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis score had significantly higher total 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Somatosensory Amplification Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression scores than subjects with mild nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (P = .012, P = .030, and P = .000, respectively). For all subjects, the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis score and 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (P = .010), Somatosensory Amplification Scale (P = .004), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression (P = .000) scores were positively correlated. Logistic regression analysis revealed that nausea and vomiting were associated with Somatosensory Amplification Scale score (P = .007). Conclusion: We conclude that somatization was effective in nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and that both alexithymia and somatization were positively correlated with nausea and vomiting. The relationship between alexithymia and somatization and psychosomatic processes in pregnant women should be considered in the psychiatric assessment of these patients. Erken Dönem Gebelikteki Bulantı Kusma Yakınmasında Aleksitimi ve Somatizasyon Amaç: Gebelikte bulantı kusma yakınmasının psikiyatrik hastalıklarla ilişkisi ve aleksitimi ve somatizasyonun psikosomatik hastalıklarla ilişkisi bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı GBK yakınmasına aleksitimi ve somatizasyonun etkisini araştırmaktır. Yöntemler: Çalışmaya psikiyatrik hastalık tanısı almayan 128 gebe dahil edildi. Bulantı kusma yakınması olan (n = 83) ve olmayan (n = 45) gebeler Gebeliğe Özgü Bulantı Kusma Değerlendirme Skalası (PUQE) ile değerlendirildi. Tüm katılımcılara Hastane Anksiyete Depresyon Ölçeği (HADÖ), Yirmi maddelik Toronto Aleksitimi Ölçeği (TAÖ-20) ve Bedensel Duyumları Büyütme Ölçeği (BDBÖ) uygulandı. Bulgular: BDBÖ puanı gebelikte bulantı kusma yakınması olan gebelerde olmayanlara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (P = ,007). PUQE puanına göre bulantı kusması orta şiddette olan gebelerin (n = 39), hafif şiddette olan gebelere (n = 44) göre TAÖ-20 toplam puanı, BDBÖ puanı, HAD depresyon alt ölçek puanı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksekti (sırasıyla P = 0,012, P = ,030, P = ,000) . Tüm gebelerde PUQE puanı ile TAÖ-20 (P = ,010), BDBÖ (P = ,004) ve HAD-D (P = ,000) puanları arasında pozitif korelasyon saptandı. Yapılan logistik regresyon analizinde ise bulantı kusma yakınmasının BDBÖ puanı (P = ,007) ile ilişkili olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada gebelikte bulantı kusma yakınmasında somatizasyonun etkili olduğu ve bulantı kusma yakınması fazla olan gebelerde somatizasyona ek olarak aleksitiminin de daha fazla olduğu gösterilmiştir. Aleksitimi ve somatizasyonun gebelerdeki psikosomatik süreçlerle ilişkisi, bu hastaların psikiyatrik değerlendirilmesinde dikkate alınmalıdır. Cite this article as: Işık Ulusoy S, Çolak E, Özçimen EE. Alexithymia and somatization in nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Neuropsychiatr Invest. 2021;59(4):102-107.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".