Three‐Dimensional Bioprinted <scp>MR‐Trackable</scp> Regenerative Scaffold for <scp>Postimplantation</scp> Monitoring on <scp>T1‐Weighted MRI</scp>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background A three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinted tissue scaffold is a promising therapeutic that goes beyond providing physical support for tissue regeneration by enabling precise spatial control over scaffold geometry and integration of different materials/cells. Critically important is in vivo confirmation of correct scaffold placement and retention during the initial 24 hours postimplantation, to detect unwanted implant migration. Purpose To incorporate a safe, efficient MR contrast agent into a bioprinting workflow, and to achieve bright‐contrast scaffold monitoring in vivo postimplantation. Study Type In vitro and animal in vivo longitudinal study. Animal Model Two female Sprague Dawley rats (~200 g) for labeled and unlabeled scaffold implantation in the subcutaneous dorsal space flanking the vertebral column. Field Strength/Sequence A 7.0 T/T1‐weighted spin echo (SE) sequence and T1 mapping using turbo SE with variable repetition times (TRs). Assessment Cell viability and proliferation were assessed over 2 weeks after labeling bioprinted gelatin/alginate scaffolds with MnPNH2 (0.5 mM, 24 hours). In vitro MRI was performed 0, 12, and 24 hours postlabeling in nine labeled and three unlabeled (control) scaffolds to monitor T1 evolution. In vivo MRI was performed immediately and 24 hours postimplantation to assess T1. Acute inflammation near surgical site was monitored in one rat to 3 days. Statistical Tests One‐way analysis of variance with Tukey–Kramer post hoc analysis (P < 0.01). Results Cell viability was unaffected by bioprinting/labeling: viability exceeded 90% in all scaffolds after 1 week. In vitro T1's were significantly lower in labeled scaffolds compared to control (207 msec vs. 2257 msec) immediately postlabeling and 24 hours later (1227 msec vs. 2257 msec). In vivo T1's were significantly different (243.6 msec vs. 2414.6 msec) immediately postimplantation, and no differences emerged compared to respective in vitro control/labeled counterparts. The 24‐hours imaging and gross pathology confirmed migration of scaffolds beyond the imaging field. Data Conclusion We report an MR‐detectable, cell‐compatible bioprinted scaffold, utilizing a T1‐weighting contrast agent for high‐resolution, postimplantation scaffold tracking. Evidence Level 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 1
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".