Mild behavioral impairment is associated with amyloid, tau and neurodegeneration in mild cognitive impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Mild behavioural impairment (MBI) is a dementia at‐risk syndrome using later‐life neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) to determine risk. For some, MBI may be a non‐cognitive marker of neurodegeneration. A hallmark criterion of MBI is symptom persistence. We examined associations between NPS and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) proteins for amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration in participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), comparing groups with persistent, transient, and no NPS. Method ADNI participant data was used for this study including Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) scores for baseline and one‐year visits and CSF measures for β‐amyloid (Aβ42), phospho‐tau (p‐tau), and total tau (t‐tau). MBI status was derived from the NPI using a published algorithm. For each visit MBI+ was defined as an MBI score >0 and MBI‐ as MBI=0. Participants with MBI+ at both baseline and 1‐year visits were classified as having persistent NPS (i.e., MBI). An MBI+ score at only one visit was considered as transient NPS not consistent with MBI, and two consecutive MBI‐ visits were classified as no NPS. CSF protein values were log transformed due to skewness. Linear regressions were fitted to assess the association between NPS status and CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, p‐tau, t‐tau, and the derived measures p‐tau/Aβ42 and t‐tau/Aβ42), controlling for age, sex, education, and mini‐mental state examination. Result The sample of 480 participants had a mean age of 72.6 (SD 7.6); 195 (40.6%) were female. Compared to participants with no NPS, persistent NPS (i.e., MBI) was associated with lower CSF Aβ42 levels (p=0.02), higher CSF p‐tau (p=0.01) and t‐tau levels (p=0.026), and higher p‐tau/Aβ42 (p=0.002) and t‐tau/Aβ42 ratios (p=0.003) in adjusted models. Transient symptoms had CSF measures that did not differ from the no NPS group (Table 1). Conclusion In older adults with MCI, MBI was associated with abnormal CSF biomarkers of amyloid, tau and neurodegeneration. In this sample, MBI served as a marker to capture a group with greater AD neuropathological burden, extending the literature linking MBI with higher risk for AD. The findings emphasize the importance of appropriately ascertained NPS, in this case with respect to symptom persistence, in dementia detection and prognostication.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".