Abstract P271: Women’s Reproductive History and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Late Life: The San Diego Population Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Total population burden of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is higher for women than men age ≥40 years. Reproductive factors (e.g., early menarche, parity, early menopause) have been linked with later-life cardiovascular risk in women, but whether they influence PAD has been understudied. Objective: To evaluate associations between reproductive factors with later-life ankle-brachial index (ABI), femoral artery intima-media thickness (fIMT), and femoral plaques. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 707 multiethnic women who participated in a follow-up exam of the San Diego Population Study conducted in 2007-2011. Reproductive exposures included age at menarche, number of live births, age at menopause, surgical menopause, and history of oral contraceptive use. Dependent variables were ABI and Doppler ultrasound measurements of common fIMT and any femoral plaque presence. We performed multiple linear and logistic regression adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and cardiometabolic factors. Since 30% (n=201) of women reported surgical menopause, we tested for interactions with reproductive factors and stratified by menopause type (natural vs. surgical). Results: Women were on average 70.6 years old (SD=9.6) and 56% were White. There were no significant associations in the overall sample after adjusting for covariates. We found interactions between surgical menopause and oral contraceptive use (p=0.03) for ABI, and with parity (p=0.05) and age at menopause (p=0.05) for fIMT. Among women with natural menopause, oral contraceptive use was associated with higher ABI (β:0.03, p=0.007) and older age at menopause was related to greater fIMT (β:0.009, p=0.06) ( Table 1 ). Among women with surgical menopause, parity (0 vs. 2) was marginally associated with greater fIMT (β:0.33, p=0.07). Conclusions: Findings suggest that reproductive history may be associated with later-life development of PAD in women. Studies are necessary to confirm findings and examine pregnancy-related exposures in relation to PAD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".