Assessment of bacterial growth in leukoreduced <scp>cold‐stored</scp> whole blood supports overnight hold at room temperature prior to filtration: A pilot study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objectives Whole blood (WB) transfusion has regained attention to treat trauma patients. We reported no significant changes in in vitro quality through 21 days of cold storage for leukoreduced WB (LCWB) when time to filtration was extended from 8 to 24 h from collection. This study evaluated the impact of extended WB‐hold at room temperature (RT) prior to leukoreduction on proliferation of transfusion‐relevant bacteria. Materials and Methods WB units were spiked with suspensions of Klebsiella pneumoniae , Streptococcus pyogenes , Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes prepared in saline solution (SS) or trypticase soy broth (TSB) to a concentration of ~0.2 CFU/ml ( N = 6). Spiked units were held at RT for 18–24 h before leukoreduction and cold‐stored for 21 days. Bacterial growth was determined on days 2, 7, 14 and 21. In vitro quality of WB inoculated with unspiked diluents was assessed. Results K . pneumoniae and S . pyogenes proliferated in WB prior to leukoreduction reaching concentrations ≤10 2 CFU/ml. These bacteria, however, did not proliferate during the subsequent cold storage. S . aureus did not survive in WB while L . monocytogenes reached a concentration of ~10 2 CFU/ml by day 21. LCWB in vitro quality was not affected by SS or TSB. Conclusion Extended WB‐hold prior to leukoreduction allowed proliferation of bacteria able to resist immune clearance, although they did not grow to clinically significant levels. While L . monocytogenes proliferated in LCWB, clinically relevant concentrations were not reached by day 21. These data suggest that transfusing LCWB may not pose a significant bacterial contamination safety risk to transfusion patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".